A drug rash or eruption is a type of drug reaction involving your skin. We'll go over how to identify the different types and which ones require…. Sulfa allergies are an uncommon reaction to some medications.
Vasculitis is inflammation of blood vessels. It can damage blood vessels by thickening, scarring, and weakening the cell walls. Learn more. The vagus nerve is the longest of the 12 cranial nerves. Here, learn about its anatomy, functions, and the kinds of health problems that can occur. Muscle twitching refers to small muscle contractions in the body.
Learn more about the causes and treatment here. Learn more about this and how it relates to autism. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect.
What Is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome? Medically reviewed by Seunggu Han, M. What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome? What are the symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
What are the primary causes of neuroleptic malignant syndrome? How is neuroleptic malignant syndrome treated? Neuroleptic malignant syndrome vs. Key takeaway. Read this next. What Is a Drug Allergy? Medically reviewed by Aleah Rodriguez, PharmD. How to Identify and Treat a Drug Rash.
What Is a Sulfa Allergy? Medically reviewed by Elaine K. A normal white blood cell count is 4,—11, per microliter of blood. A person with NMS commonly has up to 40, white blood cells per microliter. NMS is a rare condition that can occur as a result of exposure to antipsychotic drugs.
Doctors use these drugs, which decrease dopamine activity, to treat various neurological disorders. Many medications can cause NMS, but first-generation antipsychotics are more commonly associated with the condition. These include haloperidol decanoate and fluphenazine. While NMS treatment is highly individualized and differs in each case, a doctor will first try to stabilize the person by correcting their blood pressure, heart rate, electrolyte levels, and blood pH.
They will also ensure that the individual is properly hydrated. People with NMS are at a greater risk of abnormal heart rates due to autonomic dysfunction and may need treatment in the form of mechanical ventilation. Doctors may also give people skeletal relaxers to prevent or stop dangerous muscle rigidity. In some rare situations, doctors may also prescribe electroconvulsive therapy ECT.
In these cases, the doctor will admit a small electric current to the brain when the person is asleep. ECT may help alleviate symptoms in people who have not responded to other treatments. MH is a severe reaction to an inhalation anesthetic or muscle relaxer. It occurs due to a rare genetic mutation that a person inherits from one or both parents. MH affects approximately 1 in , adults and 1 in 30, children who receive an anesthetic or a muscle relaxer.
NMS and MH produce similar symptoms, including fever, muscle rigidity, and an elevated heart rate. NMS also has similarities to an acute dystonic reaction , a side effect of antipsychotic medications that causes severe muscle spasms. However, an acute dystonic reaction will not cause autonomic dysfunction, fevers, or mental status changes. NMS is a reaction to antipsychotic medication, whereas MH is a reaction to an anesthetic or muscle relaxer that occurs due to a genetic abnormality.
The main risk factor for developing NMS is taking antipsychotic medication. Other risk factors include:. Disclaimer: This article is for information only and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical conditions. Egton Medical Information Systems Limited has used all reasonable care in compiling the information but make no warranty as to its accuracy.
Consult a doctor or other health care professional for diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. For details see our conditions. This article is for Medical Professionals. In this article What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome? Epidemiology Neuroleptic malignant syndrome symptoms Differential diagnosis Investigations Neuroleptic malignant syndrome treatment Prognosis Complications Neuroleptic malignant syndrome prevention.
Synonym: malignant neuroleptic syndrome What is neuroleptic malignant syndrome? Withdrawal of anti-Parkinsonian medication. Use of high doses and of depot preparations. Patient agitation or catatonia. High ambient temperature and dehydration appear to increase risk of the syndrome.
A previous episode of neuroleptic malignant syndrome significantly increases the risk of a future similar reaction [ 5 ]. Less commonly, use of other agents with central D2 receptor antagonist activity may cause the syndrome: Prochlorperazine. Atypical antipsychotics such as clozapine, risperidone. Anticholinergic drugs. Amoxapine tricyclic now discontinued. Diagnostic features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome [ 7 ] Neuroleptics within 1 to 4 weeks. Muscle rigidity. Five of the following: Changed mental status.
Hypotension or hypertension. Diaphoresis excessive sweating or sialorrhoea. Increased creatine phosphokinase CPK or urinary myoglobin.
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