The negative ions have several water molecules around them, all with their "H" atoms close to the negative ion. Ionic compounds dissolve in water due to the difference between its lattice energy and its hydration energy. An ionic compound consists of two oppositely charged ions. What happens is, when an ionic compound is put in water, the negative ion, or the anion, attracts the positive H pole around it, and the positive ion, or the cation, attracts the negative O pole around it.
This results in the formation of a unique arrangement called the hydration. Hydration releases energy, which is known as the hydration energy. Every ionic compound has an energy holding the lattice structure of the compound, known as lattice energy. If the hydration energy of an ionic compound exceeds its lattice energy, the lattice is broken and the ions in the compound separate, causing the compound to dissolve.
If the hydration energy of the compound is lesser than the lattice energy, the compound will not dissolve. Why do ionic compounds dissolve in water?
These ions are so vital to metabolism that they must be replenished when the body dehydrates through exercise or sickness. This is why athletes prefer electrolytic drinks to pure water. Chris Deziel holds a Bachelor's degree in physics and a Master's degree in Humanities, He has taught science, math and English at the university level, both in his native Canada and in Japan.
He began writing online in , offering information in scientific, cultural and practical topics. His writing covers science, math and home improvement and design, as well as religion and the oriental healing arts.
What is a Monatomic Ion? How to Calculate Solubilities. Are Ions Hydrophobic Or Hydrophilic? How to Test for Hydrochloric Acid. The positively charged sodium ions in the crystal attract the oxygen end of the water molecules because they are partially negative. The negatively charged chloride ions in the crystal attract the hydrogen end of the water molecules because they are partially positive.
The action of the polar water molecules takes the crystal lattice apart see image below. After coming apart from the crystal, the individual ions are then surrounded by solvent particles in a process called solvation. Likewise, the chloride ions are surrounded by water molecules with the opposite orientation. Hydration is the process of solute particles being surrounded by water molecules arranged in a specific manner. Hydration helps to stabilize aqueous solutions by preventing the positive and negative ions from coming back together and forming a precipitate.
Table sugar is sucrose C 12 H 22 O 11 and is an example of a molecular compound. Solid sugar consists of individual sugar molecules held together by intermolecular attractive forces. When water dissolves sugar, it separates the individual sugar molecules by disrupting the attractive forces, but does not break the covalent bonds between the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
Chapter Biochemistry. Full Table of Contents. This is a sample clip. Sign in or start your free trial. JoVE Core Chemistry. Previous Video Next Video. Next Video 4. Embed Share. The solubility of a solute is its maximum possible concentration at solubility equilibrium in a given amount of solvent.
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